Archive for September, 2010

IT Outsourcing: A Challenge from Rural USA Thursday, September 30th, 2010

Information Technology assignments such as applications development and integration, software testing and data reporting are proving expensive for U.S. companies to do in-house. To reduce costs, these jobs were being moved more and more to lower cost countries like India. Such outsourcing of work has led to loss of jobs in the U.S.

A new initiative has been taken by an entrepreneur in Missouri, USA, to halt this trend. The initiative involves going to rural areas where there are no existing IT-trained staff, locating unemployed workers and putting them through a four-month program designed to make the trainees into software developers.

Trainees to undergo the programs are selected carefully. Local Missouri Career Centers do preliminary screening of the candidates. This is followed by behavioral interviewing and a Computer Programming Aptitude Test by the recruiter. Only those who reach a threshold, about one in eight, are accepted for training.

The entrepreneur describes the training program as “gut-wrenching hard work” and not everybody can get through it. What this means is that in each rural area, only a few persons get selected. To achieve volumes, it will be necessary to extend the program to cover ever wider regions.

While the rates charged by the new initiative are still a bit more than offshore firms, the higher charges are compensated by the risks off shoring involves, according to the entrepreneur. Off shoring typically involves communication gaps, time zone differences and quality issues arising from high attrition rates.

Read the story at The Economic Times of India.

A Cure for Type I Diabetes? Wednesday, September 29th, 2010

Type I Diabetes is an auto-immune disease in which the insulin producing beta cells (one type of islet cells) of the pancreas are destroyed over time by antibodies. When insulin production goes down, the body is unable to process the glucose in the blood and diabetic problems appear. Treatment has been attempted through transplantation of islet cells from external donors.

Such transplantation poses two problems. One is the shortage of donor pancreases for extracting islet cells. Two is the rejection of foreign cells by the body which sees them as it sees disease-producing viral organisms, and destroys the foreign intruders. To counteract this tendency, the transplantation must be accompanied by immunosuppressant drugs.

A new treatment seeks to use the patient’s own stem cells to regenerate islet cells. Stem cells are master cells from which all specialized cells such as the islet cells in the pancreas are created. Differentiation of stem cells into islet cells has been achieved in labs and this holds the potential to tackle the problems of transplantation.

And now a company is seeking partners to test a drug developed by it. The company believes that by adding its product to the transplanted islet cells (regenerated from stem cells as above) the success of the transplantation can be improved.

Read the news release at MarketWatch.

Computer Science Education Week in the U.S. Tuesday, September 28th, 2010

The week from December 5 to 11, 2010 is to be the Computer Science Education Week (CSEdWeek) according to resolution H.Res. 1560 passed by the U.S. House of Representatives. As outlined at the CSEdWeek website, computing has come to touch everyone’s daily life. It also drives innovation and economic growth, provides rewarding job opportunities and equips students with 21st century skills.

A number of resources are listed at the CSEdWeek website. These include:
* A link to the Computing Careers website that explains the opportunities in the field and how to get trained to tap these
* A model curriculum for K-12 Computer Science that can help students develop computational thinking skills, e.g. how to prevent a computer from sending out spam mail
* A kit for use by educators to create awareness about and interest in a computing career. The kit consists of posters, information and digital media

Computing education needs to be rigorous to produce skilled persons who can apply the immense power of computing to practical problems. Such education should impart thinking skills in addition to technical skills to create a generation that can cope with the challenges in an ever changing field.

Visit the CSEdWeek website.

Cloud Computing Market in India Monday, September 27th, 2010

The computer revolution started with desktop applications, i.e. software tools that resided on individual desktop computers. The accounting application resided on the accountant’s desktop; the inventory application on the storekeeper’s desktop; and so on. The computer-based applications speeded up the work of recording transactions, and also provided analytical reports more elaborate than what people could prepare by hand.

Then came local area networks that linked the different departmental computers to a central server and it was possible to link the accounting and inventory applications to eliminate duplicate data entry where these occurred. Such centralization of data also enabled one department to access details maintained by anther department, e.g. the production manager could check inventory availability of a particular material in the store from his desktop.

And when the Web appeared, it was possible to integrate applications across the globe. A global corporation could review the progress of a project being executed at the other end of the globe (provided project progress details are being entered in a timely manner into the system).

In all the above scenarios, the businesses have to set up the infrastructure on their own, including hardware and software. They also had to hire staff to operate the hardware and to work with the software. Not only did these cost money but also time; months are typically needed before a new system can be made operational.

Enter cloud computing and the scenario changes dramatically. Software, hardware and staff could all now be hired by the hour at low rates, instead of spending huge sums of money on hardware, software and hiring/training staff. Latest equipment and software versions, operated by experienced staff, become available from dedicated providers who focus on providing cloud computing services. Users pay only for the services they use, instead of setting up an elaborate infrastructure to meet every possible requirement, however infrequently they arise.

The market for cloud computing services is potentially huge as business organizations come to realize the numerous advantages of this option compared to setting up their own infrastructure. A report on Cloud Computing Market in India looks at all the issues involved.

The Case against and for Genetically Modified (GM) Crops Sunday, September 26th, 2010

GM crops is one of the most fiercely opposed developments in the modern world. Opponents say that GM crops:

* Can pose dangers to the life network with consequent harm to environment and human life
* Might cause direct harm to environment through more toxic pesticides and weed killers, particularly when farmers seek to maximize yields for commercial profits
* Might result in direct harm to human and non-human consumers of the modified crops, as this aspect has not been sufficiently investigated
* Might destroy biodiversity through cross pollination by wind-borne pollens of GM crops and otherwise, resulting in loss of varieties that have invaluable traits

Proponents of GM crops point out that with existing crop varieties, it is simply impossible to meet the needs of a growing population, particularly when under-developed countries develop and begin to consume more food. Genetic modification can:

* Increase crop yields from areas that are already cultivated
* Make it possible to develop crop varieties that can be cultivated in presently hostile environments
* Eliminate the need to convert virgin forests into farms, and lead to environmental damage

The arguments are not yet settled one way or other. In the meanwhile, food availability for the world’s hungry continues to be an unsolved issue.

Government Website Excellence Example: Rhode Island Government Site Saturday, September 25th, 2010

RI.gov, Rhode Island’s official website, has won top awards in two national competitions. It has been ranked among the top ten in Center for Digital Government’s annual Best of Web (BOW) competition for the fourth year. It has also received the Outstanding Achievement in Web site development and design from the Interactive Media Awards(TM) for its professional website design.

The BOW award recognizes innovative Government Web portals. Sites are judged for their efficiency, economy and functionality for citizen access. A look at the RI website can show clearly what these attributes mean.

The IMA award is based on design, usability, innovation and compliance with standards. Very few entries in the competition could meet the high standards of judgment applied. Again, the RI website shows how excellent design and usability can help the intended user, the citizen interested in getting a fishing license or knowing about his or her tax refund status, for example.

The RI website is developed and maintained by Rhode Island Interactive, a wholly owned subsidiary of the eGovernment firm NIC. By making the services available online, the Web initiative saves paper and contributes to the green cause, to which the government is committed seriously.

See the news release at BusinessWire.

Nanotechnology against Terrorism Friday, September 24th, 2010

Terrorists often come in the guise of ordinary persons and strike at unexpected places. The traditional terrorism prevention strategy is to subject people to rigorous security checks at sensitive places, and to generally limit their democratic rights. Security and democratic freedom often become incompatible under such an environment.

Can this situation be changed? According to the authors of “Nanotechnology and Homeland Security”, it can. For example, nanotechnology-based sensors can detect a range of threats from food contamination to weapons of mass destruction. Nanomaterials can protect homes, offices and people on the scene. And nanotechnology-based remediation technologies can heal the effects of environmental damage.

The book discusses the above and other topics to propose that the new technology can help in “fighting terrorism without sacrificing our open, free, and democratic society.” As the cited possibilities hint, nanotech can be used to prevent terrorist actions, and also to mitigate the impact of incidents that do occur.

Nanotechnology affects practically every field of life and promises solutions that are completely different from what we are accustomed to, from perennial sources of energy to new cancer treatment. Fighting terrorism is another of the new possibilities of this technology, according to the authors.

Implications of IT Advances: Good and Bad Thursday, September 23rd, 2010

Information Technology (IT) has indeed enhanced our productivity, speeding up work and doing things that were just not possible to do without computers and software. With the arrival of the Worldwide Web, the scale of operations, and sharing of information and knowledge entered a new dimension. Work could now go on across time zones 24/7 through Web-based operations while content management systems could provide access to just the information workers needed.

That is the good side of IT development. But as in everything else, IT too has its bad side, in the form of security threats and new forms of cheating people out of their money. Viruses damaged systems and wiped out data. Spyware resided unseen on your computer and gathered all the bank account numbers, user IDs and passwords and sent these back to the spyware makers. Phishing scams took various forms including tempting you with a million dollar reward and then making you part with your own money. And spam became a “resident evil” in all inboxes of e-mail users, making even legitimate mail undeliverable in many cases.

Fighting security threats is big business now, particularly in the light of the possibility of government websites that provide essential services or contain sensitive information being threatened. Antivirus, anti-spyware, firewalls and spam and website filters proliferated and entered the vocabulary of every computer user.

The 6th ICT Security Forum scheduled for 12th and 13th of October, 2010 at Four Seasons Hotel in Damascus, being organized by ALSALAM for Conferences with support from Syrian Computer Society and Ministry of Telecommunications and Technology, Government of Syria, will discuss the tools, technologies and management of IT security and telecommunications. Read the news at Zawya.com.

E-governance Initiatives in West Bengal, India Wednesday, September 22nd, 2010

E-governance Initiatives in West Bengal, India

The Department of Information Technology, Government of India, had initiated setting up Common Service Centers (CSCs) all over the country as a key component of the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP). The aim is to provide high quality and cost effective voice, video and data even in remote rural areas of the country and to make government services available through these media. For example, people in the remote areas could now get different application forms and certificates over the Internet without having to travel to government offices located in distant towns and cities.

The remote service centers also allow people to pay utility bills for electricity, water and telephone without disrupting their day-t-day routines undertaking day-long travels. Areas proposed to be covered include healthcare including telemedicine, education, entertainment and other services.

Private sector and NGOs are encouraged to partner the government in this initiative. The Public Private Partnership model involves:
* Village Level Entrepreneurs (VLEs) who operate the CSCs in their villages,
* Service Center Agencies (SCAs) responsible for divisions consisting of 500 to 1000 CSCs and
* A State Designated Agency (SDA) identified by the State Government for managing the implementation the program across the state.

The SDA for the West Bengal state of India is now turning its focus to mobile phones to deliver services in the sectors of utilities, education, emission control and agriculture. The government is seeking the help of different universities in the state to develop cell phone chips and other hardware to achieve this goal.

Read the report at Sify.com.

Nanoscience Helps in Heritage Conservation Tuesday, September 21st, 2010

Wall paintings at heritage sites, such as the Mayan wall paintings at the archaeological site of Calakmul (Mexico), tend to degrade owing to the transformation of calcium carbonate into gypsum. Such degradation has been sought to be prevented in recent decades by consolidating the paintings with polymers such as acrylic and vinyl resins. This solution has not worked; in fact, the polymer induced further degradation; and could also not be removed easily owing to their cross linking.

In France, a group pioneered the use of calcium hydroxide nanoparticles to restore wall paintings. Nanoparticles of calcium hydroxide efficiently interact with carbon dioxide to reform calcium carbonate, which otherwise gets transformed into gypsum and causes degradation of the art work, and replace the degraded original ligand, leading to the re-cohesion of the paint layer.

However, calcium carbonate might not be sufficiently effective when large amounts of soluble sulfates (i.e., sodium or magnesium sulfates) are present in a wall painting. Calcium hydroxide can react with the sulfate ions producing slightly soluble gypsum. Barium hydroxide nanoparticles can hinder this process and now a mixture calcium and barium nanoparticles is considered a highly efficient tool to combat the degradation process.

Read the report Nanoparticles for Cultural Heritage Conservation at Nanotech-Now.com.