Archive for May, 2010

Where can Nanotechnology Help? Sunday, May 16th, 2010

Nanotechnology is a field that affects other technologies in a big way. Considering that nanotechnology works at atomic levels, where you can even combine atoms in new ways to build new materials with strange properties or alter the properties of existing materials, it is no wonder that nanotech affects every other technology.

Nanotechnology is only a promise now. It can cause immense damage, say by penetrating our skins and reaching internal organs to damage them, that application developers have to proceed carefully even where something is technically feasible.

Which are the specific areas where nanotechnology might find beneficial applications? Nanomedicine, nanomaterials, nanobiotech and such other terms give a broad indication of the possibilities. Some specific applications in toxic waste treatment, energy and medicine mentioned below can give an idea of the scope of this new technology.

Carbon nanotubes have immense strength and great electrical properties. They can probably solve the problem of electrical power delivery in nanomachines that are the size of cells or smaller. These machines can be used, for example, to work with toxic waste and convert them into harmless substances.

Nanobatteries can possibly deliver perpetual power by generating it from ambient sources such as the small movements we make, and eliminating leakage of stored power, as discussed under posts related to nanotech energy applications in this blog.

Nanorobots can traverse our bloodstreams and deliver drugs at precisely the places they are needed, such as tumor cells. They might even be able to repair damaged cells.

You can visit Bigthink for a big look at the possibilities.

Cognitive Science Research at Cognitive Development Lab Saturday, May 15th, 2010

The cognitive lab at UC Merced investigates social reasoning in children and adults. How do we acquire attitudes and social norms, for example? And how do we change acquired social knowledge? There are several research projects on a variety of social topics, as illustrated in the examples below, going on at the lab.

Usually, we affiliate with groups, such as family and friends, for the rich experiences that these groups provide. One research investigates whether people will still prefer groups when no such rich experiences are available. Work at the lab confirms that children do affiliate with even randomly created, unfamiliar groups that they have been put into.

Another research project concerns the role of language. Language is usually seen simply as a vehicle to communicate ideas. According to one view, language does more; it shapes the nature of our thinking. Cultural concepts provide building blocks for our ideas. Research at the lab with bilingual speakers suggest that people respond differently depending on the language they are addressed in.

Adults have attitudes and stereotypes about different social groups. Do children also view social groups in the same way? Research suggests that they do; implicit social attitudes appear early and remain stable during a lifetime.

Visit the Cognitive Lab website for a look at the work the lab does.

The Ocean can Provide new Products and Cures Friday, May 14th, 2010

NFkB is a protein that has a critical role in many cancers, arthritis and asthma. It can switch off the natural death process of cells, allowing some cancerous cells to multiply. Researchers have been studying marine animals including sponges, corals and sea lilies to see whether any of these can prevent NFkB from working.

The researchers have found that one of the molecules isolated during the study can allow normal cell death to restart again. This property is being investigated in more detail.

A compound isolated from a Mediterranean sponge variety can create spores in cell membranes that can be reversed. This property is considered to have vast potential, including drug delivery to desired places in the body. The possibility of using this molecule to deliver drugs to tumors, genes for cystic fibrosis and drugs into the eye are being investigated.

The examples above illustrate the new possibilities that marine life offers for curing diseases. The oceans are also the source of many products with health benefit claims. The potential has hardly been explored.

It is in this context that the Census of Marine Life (COML) becomes significant. The census is a global network of researchers in more than 80 countries. The ten-year scientific initiative is intended to assess and explain the diversity, distribution, and abundance of life in the oceans.

A great deal of information, with stunning pictures, is available at the COML website.

Biotechnology Convention 2010 at Chicago was a great Success Thursday, May 13th, 2010

The 2010 Bio International Convention was held through Monday, May 3 through Thursday, May 6, 2010 at McCormick Place Convention Center in Chicago, Illinois, USA. The event was hosted by the Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO) and was attended by 15,322 industry representatives from 65 countries. It was a gathering of industry leaders, governments and academics working to solve big challenges of the biotechnology industry.

The number of networking, deal-making and high level discussion meetings were numerous and vigorous. The full convention featured more than 125 breakout sessions across 17 tracks. The sessions addressed scientific, policy and business opportunities and challenges that the biotechnology industry is facing today.

Speakers included former Presidents Bill Clinton and George W Bush, Al Gore and BIO President and CEO Jim Greenwood. Margaret Hamburg, MD, FDA Commissioner; Roger Beachy, Chief Scientist for the US Department of Agriculture and Director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture; and David Kappos, Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and Director of the United State Patent and Trademark Office also participated.

The BIO Business Forum hosted over 17,100 partnering meetings between biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, academic institutions and investors from around the world. The one-on-one meetings were great opportunities to discuss business opportunities arising in the industry.

Next year’s convention will be held during June 27-30, 2011 at the Washington, DC Convention Center.

For more details visit http://convention.bio.org/.

Information Technology for Epidemic Control Wednesday, May 12th, 2010

Information technology has led to globalization of people, with international travel increasing to unprecedented levels. Such free travel also brings with it the danger of spreading infectious diseases all over the world, wherever it starts. The spread of H1N1 influenza was an illustration of this danger.

Information technology itself has provided solutions to the new dangers. For example, people all over the world can access portals like Healthmap.org and see not only what diseases are prevalent in which country (and how serious the problem is) but also report any missing disease outbreaks.

Healthmap describes themselves along the following lines: “HealthMap brings together disparate data sources to achieve a unified and comprehensive view of the current global state of infectious diseases and their effect on human and animal health. This freely available Web site integrates outbreak data of varying reliability, ranging from news sources (such as Google News) to curated personal accounts (such as ProMED) to validated official alerts (such as World Health Organization). Through an automated text processing system, the data is aggregated by disease and displayed by location for user-friendly access to the original alert. HealthMap provides a jumping-off point for real-time information on emerging infectious diseases and has particular interest for public health officials and international travelers.”

Healthmap org is reported to have collected more than 87,000 reports from both informal and official sources during the two major waves of the H1N1 pandemic. Healthmap uses Google Maps technology and sources its news from various agencies such as proMED Mail, WHO, Google News and Wildlife Disease Information Node.

Nanotechnology and Climate Change Tuesday, May 11th, 2010

Climate change is a major concern for the world. The change is attributed to global warming caused by carbon emissions, caused mainly by human activities. A survey by Environmental Protection Agency of USA estimates carbon emissions from the electric power generation sector at 34%, transport sector at 28%, industries at 20%, residential & commercial properties at 11% and agriculture at 7% in the country.

The study also indicated that carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the atmosphere have increased 40% since the start of the industrial revolution. While CO2 is the major “greenhouse” gas that leads to global warming, other emissions such as methane also contribute their bit.

Greenhouse gases degrade quality of life by affecting many things from weather to our health. These gases damage the ozone layer that protects our earth from the many dangers to life and health originating from space (through which earth is moving).

With the increasing awareness of the dangers posed by global warming, governments all over the world are looking at ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The suggestions for doing it include :

  • Reducing energy consumption by developing technologies that do not involve burning fossil fuels.
  • Adopting technologies that use renewable energy and better technologies for energy storage.
  • Separation, sequestration and conversion of emitted carbon into useful products.

Nanotechnology can help with these solutions. For example, it can develop high strength materials that help more efficient use of energy and nanocatalysts can improve fuel efficiency.

Read the detailed article on how nanotechnology can help with environmental issues at nanowerk.

Information Technology for Healthcare: A Pilot Project in USA Monday, May 10th, 2010

The Federal Government is funding the Beacon Communities program. One of the pilot programs is the Southern Piedmont Community Care Plan in Concord that will receive $15.9 million for its planned work with Medicaid recipients in Cabarrus, Rowan and Stanly counties.

The funding will help improve health care coordination for patients with diabetes, heart disease, hypertension and asthma. A health record data bank will be created linking patients and care providers. Patients and their relatives will be able to self-manage through patient portals on the Internet.

Care managers will be able to refer to the health record data bank for post-discharge planning.

In addition to improving healthcare, the Beacon projects are also expected to improve the employment scenario. Dozens of new jobs will be created in each community and the jobs will pay $70,000 a year. The pilot projects are estimated to generate 1,100 jobs up front.

The pilots will also accelerate the development of a nationwide health information technology infrastructure that is estimated eventually to employ tens of thousands of people.

According to Vice President Joe Biden, “These pioneering communities are going to lead the way in bringing smarter, lower-cost health care to all Americans through use of electronic health records.” He continued that doctors across the country will one day be able to coordinate patient care with the stroke of a key.

Read the news release at Salisbury Post.

Nanomedicine for Cancer Treatment Sunday, May 9th, 2010

Nanobiotix is a Paris, France based Nanomedicine Company that has developed nanoXray™ using advances in nanotechnology and molecular biology. According to the company, nanoXray™ is “a technology platform that is expected to be turned ‘on’ and ‘off’ outside the body to selectively treat a variety of cancers safely and noninvasively.” Traditional radiation therapy tends to destroy healthy tissue, and also leads of deleterious side effects when high doses of X-ray are used.

The new technology involves accumulating nanoXray nanoparticles on target tissues and then applying standard X-ray to generate local therapeutic effect. The procedure is designed to destroy only the targeted tumor cells. Nbtxr3, the first product to be developed from the nanoXray pipeline, is activated by radio therapy and initial indications are that it delivers a therapeutic effect.

Nanobiotix has now announced the closure of a financing round involving $11 million. The financing is expected to help the company to advance the nanoXray technology through clinical studies. The first human clinical study is being scheduled in collaboration with IGR Institut Gustave Roussy, a leading cancer treatment center in Europe. The initial indication selected for study is Soft Tissue Sarcoma.

Studies with animals have reportedly shown the potential for the product “as a new approach for cancer treatment” according to the press release. Read the full release at nanowerk.

LG Electronics Focuses on Rural Areas Saturday, May 8th, 2010

LG of South Korea is the market leader in consumer durables in both the urban and rural markets of India. The Wall Street Journal’s Jyoti Malhotra interviewed LG’s Managing Director Moon B Shin. The following observations on rural markets were made during the interview reported in the Business Section of WSJ .

LG focuses on rural markets not only in India but elsewhere also. Rural is the future. In India, 73% of the population are rural residents, with 35% of them owning a television, 5% refrigerators and 1% washing machines. Diposable incomes in rural India have grown considerably owing to a healthy domestic market.

Though the average rural household income is still about half the average urban income, there are pockets of prosperity as in Punjab and Kerala. In Punjab, farmers get income from three crops every year, while Kerala, the rural is practically indistinguishable from the urban. Other pockets of prosperity include the irriated agricultural belts.

Rural spending is expected to grow further in the years to come with the Indian government spending heavily on education and literacy. An educated populace will have more disposable incomes.

Rural people like bright and beautiful colors and the products for rural areas are designed to cater to this preference. Urban consumers prefer colors like gray or white with a metallic finish. Rural designs also incorporate the capability to handle erratic power supply and the corrosive water of coastal areas.

Read the interview at WSJ.

What Makes for Good Learning and Development? Friday, May 7th, 2010

Traditionally, psychology has studied children’s development by observing the behavior of children at different ages. Observations have led to conclusions about the ages at which a child acquires different skills and behavior patterns. However, mere observation cannot fully help in improving, for example, the learning abilities of children.

To develop techniques that can help children learn better we need to understand the cause and effect relationships in operation. It is this causal relationship that computational modeling can help understand. Computational models force researchers to explain exactly what they mean by specific terms.

Terms like learning and development, and the various other words used in studying it, must be specified in terms precise enough to incorporate them into computer models. And translating theories into computer models tend to highlight the interdependencies of different elements involved. A model also needs to be internally consistent and complete to some extent before it will function.

The increased specificity and need for consistency tend to reveal the cause and effect relationships involved and lead to insights that can lead to more precise research. And when you know causal factors that lead to specific results, you can design better ways to achieve desired results.

A Wiley article discusses the use of computational modeling in studying cognitive development.